Substrate

(noun.) an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population; 'the Celtic languages of Britain are a substrate for English'.

(noun.) any stratum or layer lying underneath another.

(noun.) a surface on which an organism grows or is attached; 'the gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants'.

(noun.) the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment.

手打:玛里琳